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The
site is in a valley on Hong Kong Island. It is surrounded on
three sides by steep hillsides topped by high-rise buildings including apartment buildings. The site is open only to the
north, in that direction there are views of the city and the
harbor. The proposal was to create 40000 spectator seats, 75%of
them covered with a roof, so as to create a stadium befitting
the 21st century and capable of being used for diverse uses
including sports and concerts. During the day, the diffused
light brightens the spectator seats below, and at night the roof
surface becomes radiant, suggesting a luminous seashell. The
field is open, making it possible to grow natural grass. In this
natural topography, the geometrical form and structure of the
roof prove quite powerful.
The stadium is squeezed into a small valley with steeply
rising ground to the east and west. Two large stands of seating
rise up closely following the shape of the valley sides. To
obtain the required coverage of seats, the roof has to be up to
55m wide. A cantilever type roof structure of this span would
have resulted in a very heavy structure for the stand and its
foundation. Therefore a solution was developed using a 240m span
arch to support the front edge of each roof. This proved to be a
more economic solution given the constraints of the site. For
architectural reasons the arches are inclined away from each
other by 12, and are in the form of 3.5m square trussed rising
to 55m at their crown.
Curved secondary trusses have a triangular cross-section
3.5m deep, spanning 40-55mm between the front arch and the rear
of the concrete stand. Catwalks, public address and
floodlighting are supported from the framework. Wind tunnel
tests were carried out to study the effects of the surrounding
area and to establish pressures for the membrane design.
For each roof the PTEE coated glass fiber membrane
material was fabricated into 5 large panels of approx. This kind
of material was selected for the membrane-structure roof because
of its balance between heat and rate of translucency, its
capacity to clean itself, its incombustibility and its
durability.1600m2 covering 3 bays of trusses. Similar
to the San Nicola Stadium roof, the panels are held down buy
clamp plates along all 4sides but not mechanically fixed to the
tops of the trusses is an 80mm diameter valley cable stressed
against the warped shape of the membrane panel which is itself
prestressed to 510kgf/m in both direction.
Effort was made in design to take the surrounding valley
into account, and to create a compact layout that might blend in
with the topography and environment. The simple yet expressive
structure, integrated with the environment, has been highly
praised, and the work won the 1995 American institute of
Architects award.
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